Introduction to Intuitive Eating Research Studies

Intuitive Eating is an innovative approach to fostering a healthy relationship with food and body image. Rooted in the principles of self-awareness and mindfulness, this paradigm encourages individuals to listen to their body's natural hunger cues and make food choices based on physical needs rather than external pressures or societal norms. As the modern landscape of diet culture continues to evolve, research studies on Intuitive Eating have gained significant traction, aiming to explore its effectiveness in promoting psychological well-being, improving eating behaviors, and supporting overall health.

This collection of research studies delves into various aspects of Intuitive Eating, including its impact on emotional health, weight management, and the prevention of disordered eating patterns. By examining empirical evidence and real-world applications, these studies contribute to a deeper understanding of how Intuitive Eating can serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional dieting methods. The findings not only illuminate the potential benefits of adopting an Intuitive Eating framework but also provide valuable insights for practitioners, educators, and individuals seeking to cultivate a more harmonious relationship with food.

As we navigate through these studies, we invite you to explore the transformative potential of Intuitive Eating and its implications for personal health and wellness.

The annotated Intuitive Eating studies are listed by category, followed by alphabetical order of the author. 

• Akırmak U., Bakiner E., Boratav H. et al (2018). Cross-cultural adaptation of the intuitive eating scale-2: psychometric evaluation in a sample in Turkey. Current Pyschology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0024-3.

• Albajri E, Naseeb M. Sex differences in intuitive eating and its relationship with body mass index among adults aged 18-40 years in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 19;10:1214480. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1214480. PMID: 37538925; PMCID: PMC10395086.

• Anastasiades E, Maïano C, Argyrides M, Swami V.(2022). Psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in adults from Cyprus. Body Image. Oct 19;43:348-361. 

• Anastasiades, E., & Argyrides, M. (2022). Healthy orthorexia vs orthorexia nervosa: associations with body appreciation, functionality appreciation, intuitive eating and embodiment. Eating and weight disorders: EWD, 10.1007/s40519-022-01449-9. 

• Anderson, L., E. Reilly, K. Schaumberg, S. Dmochowski, D. Anderson. 2016. Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students. Eating and Weight Disorders. 21(1):83-90.

• Andrew R., M. Tiggemann, L. Clark. 2016. Predictors and health-related outcomes of positive body image in adolescent girls: A prospective study. Developmental Psychology 52(3): 463-474.

• Andrew R., M. Tiggemann, L. Clark. 2015. Predictors of intuitive eating in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 56(2):209-214.

• Argyrides M, Anastasiades E. Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass. Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 24;13:1033720. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033720. PMID: 36506965; PMCID: PMC9731100.

• Augustus-Horvath, C. and T. Tylka. 2011. The acceptance model of intuitive eating: A comparison of women in emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and middle adulthood. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 58:110-125.Avalos, L., T. Tylka, and N. Wood-Barcalow. 2005. The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Body Image 2: 285–297.

• Ayyıldız F, Akbulut G, Karaçil Ermumcu MŞ, Acar Tek N. Emotional and intuitive eating: an emerging approach to eating behaviours related to obesity. J Nutr Sci. 2023 Feb 13;12:e19. doi: 10.1017/jns.2023.11. PMID: 36843981; PMCID: PMC9947595.

• Babbott KM, Tylka T, van der Werf B, Consedine NS, Roberts M. Intuitive Eating Scale-2-EA: Psychometric properties and factor structure of the adapted IES-2 for early adolescents. Eat Behav. 2023 Dec;51:101813. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101813. Epub 2023 Sep 17. PMID: 37741083.

• Babbott KM, Mitchison D, Basten C, et al. (2021). Intuitive Eating Scale-2: psychometric properties and clinical norms among individuals seeking treatment for an eating disorder in private practice. Eat Weight Disord. 2021 Nov 19. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01326-x. 

• Babbott, K. M., Cavadino, A., Brenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., & Roberts, M. (2022). Outcomes of intuitive eating interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eating disorders, 1–31. Advance online publication. 

• Barad A. et al (2019). Associations Between Intuitive Eating Behaviors and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among College Students. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019 Jun;51(6):758-762.

• Barak-Nahum A., Haim LB., and Ginzburg K. 2016. When life gives you lemons: The effectiveness of culinary group intervention among cancer patients. Soc Sci Med.166:1-8.

• Barney JL, Barrett TS, Lensegrav-Benson T, et al. (2022). Examining a mediation model of body image-related cognitive fusion, intuitive eating, and eating disorder symptom severity in a clinical sample. Eat Weight Disord . doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01352-9

• Barraclought EL et al. (2019). Learning to eat intuitively: A qualitative exploration of the experience of mid-age women. Health Psycholol Open 1:6(1): 2055102918824064. doi: 10.1177/2055102918824064.

• Barrada, J. R., Cativiela, B., van Strien, T., & Cebolla, A. (2020). Intuitive eating: A novel eating style? Evidence from a Spanish sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 36(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000482

• Bas M, Karaca KE, Saglam D, Arıtıcı G, Cengiz E, Köksal S, Buyukkaragoz AH. 2017. Turkish version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Validity and reliability among university students. Appetite. 114:391-397.

• Basinger ED, Cameron SJ, Allen G. Stigma, Self-Care, and Intuitive Eating in Black Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01772-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37626193.

• Bégin C, Carbonneau E, Gagnon-Girouard MP, Mongeau L, Paquette MC, Turcotte M, Provencher V (2018.). Eating-Related and Psychological Outcomes of Health at Every Size Intervention in Health and Social Services Centers Across the Province of Québec. Am J Health Promot. 2018 Jan 1:890117118786326. doi: 10.1177/0890117118786326

• Behrend, N., Webb, J. B., & Warschburger, P. (2024). Explaining the prospective paths from body appreciation to intuitive eating facets: Does body image flexibility serve as a mediator?. Body image, 49, 101710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101710

• Beinter I, Emmerich O, Vollert B, Taylor C, Jacobi (2019). Promoting positive body image and intuitive eating in women with overweight and obesity via an online intervention: Results from a pilot feasibility study. Eat Behav. Aug;34:101307.

• Belon KE, Serier KN, VanderJagt H, Smith JE (2022). What Is Healthy Eating? Exploring Profiles of Intuitive Eating and Nutritionally Healthy Eating in College Women. Am J Health Promot. Jan 27;8901171211073870. 

• Bennett, B. L., & Latner, J. D. (2022). Mindful eating, intuitive eating, and the loss of control over eating. Eating behaviors, 47, 101680. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101680

• Boucher S, Edwards O, Gray A, Nada-Raja S, Lillis J, Tylka TL, Horwath CC (2016). Teaching Intuitive Eating and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Skills Via a Web- Based Intervention: A Pilot Single-Arm Intervention Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2016;5(4):e180 URL: http://www.researchprotocols.org/2016/4/e180.

• Braun TD, Riley KE, Kunicki ZJ, Finkelstein-Fox L, et al (2021). Internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating among stressed adults during a mindful yoga intervention: associations with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion.  Health Psychol Behav Med. Nov 19;9(1):933-950. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1992282.

• Braun TD, Unick JL, Abrantes AM, et al. (2022). Intuitive eating buffers the link between internalized weight stigma and body mass index in stressed adults. Appetite. Feb 1;169:105810. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105810. 

• Bruce, L., and L. Ricciardelli. 2016. A systematic review of the psychosocial correlates of intuitive eating among adult women. Appetite. 96:454-472.

• Burnette CB, Hazzard VM, Larson N, Hahn SL, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Is intuitive eating a privileged approach? Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between food insecurity and intuitive eating. Public Health Nutr. 2023 Jul;26(7):1358-1367. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023000460. Epub 2023 Mar 10. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2023 Aug;26(8):1730. PMID: 36896622; PMCID: PMC10346026.

• Burnette B. & Mazzeo (2020). An uncontrolled pilot feasibility trial of an intuitive eating intervention for college women with disordered eating … Int J Eat Disorder. June:1–13.

• Burnette CB, Hazzard VM, Hahn SL et al. (2022). Like parent, like child? Intuitive eating among emerging adults and their parents. Appetite.Sep 1;176:106132. 

• Bush, H., L. Rossy, L. Mintz, L. Schopp. 2014. Eat for Life: A Work Site Feasibility Study of a Novel Mindfulness-Based Intuitive Eating Intervention. American Journal of Health Promotion 28(6):380-388.

• Camilleri, G. M., Méjean, C., Bellisle, F., et al. (2015). Cross-cultural validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Psychometric evaluation in a sample of the general French population. Appetite, 84, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.009

• Camilleri, G., C. Méjea, F. Bellisle, V. Andreeva, E. Kesse-Guyot, S. Hercberg, S. Péneau. 2016. Intuitive eating is inversely associated with body weight status in the general population based NutriNet-Santé study. Obesity. doi: 10.1002/oby.21440.

• Camilleri, G., C. Méjea, F. Bellisle, V. Andreeva, E. Kesse-Guyot, S. Hercberg, S. Péneau. 2017.

• Intuitive Eating Dimensions Were Differently Associated with Food Intake in the General Population-Based NutriNet-Santé Study. Journal of Nutrition. Jan;147(1):61-69. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.234088.

• Campos, M. B., Menezes, I., Peixoto, M., & Schincaglia, R. M. (2022). Intuitive eating in general aspects of eating behaviors in individuals with ob*sity: Randomized clinical trial. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 50, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.002

• Carbonneau, N., Cantin, M., Barbeau, K., Lavigne, G., & Lussier, Y. (2021). Self-compassion as a mediator of the relationship between adult women’s attachment and intuitive eating. Nutrients, 13(9), 3124. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093124 

• Carbonneau E., N. Carbonneau, B. Lamarche, V. Provencher, C. Bégin, M. Bradette-Laplante,

• C. Laramée, S. Lemieux. 2016. Validation of a French-Canadian adaptation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 for the adult population. Appetite 105(1): 37-45.

• Carbonneau E, Bégin C, Lemieux S, Mongeau L, Paquette MC, Turcotte M, Labonté MÈ, Provencher V. (2017). A Health at Every Size intervention improves intuitive eating and diet quality in Canadian women. Clin Nutr. 36(3):747-754.

• Carbonneau N., E. Carbonneau, M. Cantin, M. Gagnon-Girouard. 2015. Examining women’s perceptions of their mother’s and romantic partner’s interpersonal styles for a better understanding of their eating regulation and intuitive eating. Appetite. 92:156-66.

• Carraça EV, Leong SL, Horwath CC (2018.). Weight-focused physical activity is associated with poorer eating motivation quality and lower Intuitive Eating in women. J Acad Nutr Diet. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.09.011

• Carrard I, Rothen S, Rodgers RF (2021). Body image concerns and intuitive eating in older women. Appetite. 2021 Apr 26:105275. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105275

• Cheng, Z., Gao, X., Yang, C., et al. (2022). Effects of Online and Face-to-Face Intuitive Eating Interventions on Body Image and Eating Behaviors among Women in China: A Feasibility Study. Nutrients, 14(9), 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091761

• Christoph MJ, Loth KA, Eisenberg ME, Haynos AF, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D (2018). Nutrition Facts Use in Relation to Eating Behaviors and Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2018 Mar;50(3):267-274.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.11.001

• Christoph MJ, et al. (2021) Intuitive Eating is Associated With Higher Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. Jan 7:S1499-4046(20)30746-6

• Christoph MJ et al (2021). Longitudinal associations between intuitive eating and weight-related behaviors in a population-based sample of young adults. Appetite. 160: doi.org/10.1016/appet.2021.105093

• Coimbra M, Ferreira C.(2020). Making the leap from healthy to disordered eating: the role of intuitive and inflexible eating attitudes in orthorexic behaviours among women. Eat Weight Disord. Sep 9. doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00998-1. 

• Cole, R., H. Clark , J. Heileson, J. DeMay, M.Smith. 2016. Normal Weight Status in Military Service Members Was Associated With Intuitive Eating Characteristic. Military Medicine 181(6):589-595.

• Cole R., and K. Horace. 2010. Effectiveness of the “My Body Knows When” Intuitive-eating Pilot Program. American Journal Health Behav 34(3):286-297.

• Cole R., Meyer S., Newman T., et al. 2019. The My Body Knows When program increased intuitive eating characteristics in a military population. Mil Med. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy403

• Craven M & Fekete E. (2019). Weight-related shame and guilt, intuitive eating, and binge eating in female college students. Appetite. Oi.10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.03.002

• Cuppari et al (2022).Effect of a nutritional behavioral intervention on intuitive eating in overweight women with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2022 Feb 2; S1051-2276. 

• Da Silva, W. R., Neves, A. N., Ferreira, L., Campos, J. A. D. B., & Swami, V. (2018). A psychometric investigation of Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Caregiver Eating Messages Scale and Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3

• Daundasekara SS, Beasley AD, O’Connor DP, Sampson M, Hernandez D, Ledoux T. 2017. Validation of the Intuitive Eating Scale for pregnant women. Appetite.112:201-209.

• de Barba, Y. C., Lazarotto, A. K., Alves De Martini, M. C., Artuso, E., Szpak Gaievski, E. H., Gallin, A. L., & Benvegnú, D. M. (2021). Effects of Intuitive Eating on the Quality of Life and Wellbeing of Yoga Practitioners, Physical Activity Practitioners and Sedentary Individuals. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, AT6282. Advance online publication.

• Denny, K., K. Loth, M. Eisenberg, D. Neumark–Sztainer, D. 2013. Intuitive eating in young adults. Who is doing it, and how is it related to disordered eating behaviors? Appetite 60:13–19.

• DeVille DC, Erchull MJ, Mailloux JR. (2021). Intuitive eating mediates the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and eating disorder risk. Eat Behav. Mar 3;41:101495. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101495. 

• Dockendorff, S., T. Petrie, C. Greenleaf, S. Martin. 2012. Intuitive Eating Scale: An examination among early Adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(4):604‐611.

• Duarte C., Ferreira C., Pinto-Gouveia J., Trindade I.A., Martinho A. 2017. What makes dietary restraint problematic? Development and validation of of the Inflexible Eating Questionnaire. Appetite. 114:146-154.

• Eneli, I., T. Tylka , J. Lumeng. 2015. Maternal and Child Roles in the Feeding Relationship: What Are Mothers Doing? Clinical Pediatrics. 54(2):179–182.

• Ellis, J., A. Galloway, R. Webb, D. Martz, C. Farrow. 2016. Recollections of pressure to eat during childhood, but not picky eating, predict young adult eating behavior. Appetite. 97:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.020.

• Burnette CB, Hazzard VM, Larson N, Hahn SL, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Is intuitive eating a privileged approach? Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between food insecurity and intuitive eating. Public Health Nutr. 2023 Jul;26(7):1358-1367. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023000460. Epub 2023 Mar 10. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2023 Aug;26(8):1730. PMID: 36896622; PMCID: PMC10346026.

• Eaton, M., Probst, Y., Foster, T., Messore, J., & Robinson, L. (2024). A systematic review of observational studies exploring the relationship between health and non-weight-centric eating behaviours. Appetite,199, 107361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361

• Flores-Quijano ME, Mota-González C, Rozada G, León-Rico JC, Gómez-López ME, Vega-Sánchez R. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 Adapted for Mexican Pregnant Women: Psychometric Properties and Influence of Sociodemographic Variables. Nutrients. 2023 Nov 19;15(22):4837. doi: 10.3390/nu15224837. PMID: 38004230; PMCID: PMC10675059.

• Galloway A., C. Farrow, D. Martz. 2010. Retrospective reports of child feeding practices, current eating behaviors, and BMI in college students. Obesity, 18, 1330-1335.

• Gan WY and Yeoh WC (2017). Associations between body weight status, psychological well- being and disordered eating with Intuitive Eating among Malaysian undergraduate university students. Int J Adolesc Med Health. Sept 13.

• Gast, J., H. Madanat, A. Nielson. 2011. Are Men More Intuitive When It Comes to Eating and Physical Activity? Americna Journal Men Health. doi: 10.1177/1557988311428090.

• Gast, J., A. Nielson, A. Hunt, J. Leiker. 2015. Intuitive eating: associations with physical activity motivation and BMI. American Journal of Public Health. 29(3):e91-9. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.130305-QUAN-97.

• Gnau, J., Novik, M. G., Powell, S. M., & Novotny, D. (2022). Lessons learned about online engagement and implementation of an intuitive eating programme for university employees. Nutrition and health, 2601060221090346. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060221090346

• Gödde JU, Yuan TY, Kakinami L, Cohen TR. (2022). Intuitive eating and its association with psychosocial health in adults: A cross-sectional study in a representative Canadian sample Appetite. Jan 1;168:105782. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105782.

• Gravel K., A. Deslauriers, M. Watiez, M. Dumont, A. Dufour Bouchard, V. Provencher. (2014). Sensory‐Based Nutrition Pilot Intervention for Women. The Journal of the Academy Nutrition and Dietics 114 :99-06.

• Gravel K., et al. 2014. Effect of sensory-based intervention on the increased use of food-related descriptive terms among restrained eaters. Food Quality and Preference. 32:271-276.

• Hahn K., M. Wiseman, J. Hendrickson, J. Phillips, E. Hayden. 2012. Intuitive Eating and College Female Athletes. Psychology of Women Quarterly. doi: 10.1177/0361684311433282

• Hawks, S., H. Madanat, J. Hawks, A. Harris. 2005. The relationship between intuitive eating and health indicators among college women. American Journal of Health Education 36, 331- 336.

• Hawks, S., R. Merrill, H. Madanat. 2004 . The Intuitive Eating Validation Scale: preliminary validation. American Journal of Health Education, 35, 90-98.

• Hawks, S., R. Merrill, T. Miyagawa, J. Suwanteerangkul, C. Guarin, C. Shaofang. (2004). Intuitive eating and the nutrition transition in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13, 194­-203.

• Hayashi LC, Benasi G, St-Onge MP, Aggarwal B. (2021). Intuitive and mindful eating to improve physiological health parameters: a short narrative review of intervention studies. J Complement Integr Med. 2021 Dec 16. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0294. 

• Hazzard, V. M., Telke, S. E., Simone, M., Anderson, L. M., Larson, N. I., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2021). Intuitive eating longitudinally predicts better psychological health and lower use of disordered eating behaviors: findings from EAT 2010-2018. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 26(1), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00852-4

• Hazzard, V. M., Burnette, C. B., Hooper, L., Larson, N., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2022). Lifestyle health behavior correlates of intuitive eating in a population-based sample of men and women. Eating behaviors.46, 101644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101644

• He J, Fu Y, Cui S, Barnhart WR, Zhang X, Han J, Wang Y, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Screen use while eating is associated with lower intuitive eating and higher disordered eating in Chinese adult men and women. Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Oct;56(10):1961-1972. doi: 10.1002/eat.24026. Epub 2023 Jul 25. PMID: 37489116.

• Heileson, J., R. Cole (2011). Assessing Motivation for Eating and Intuitive Eating in Military Service Members. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111 (9S): Page A26.

• Hensley-Hackett K, Bosker J, Keefe A. et al (2022). Intuitive Eating Intervention and Diet Quality in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. J Nutr Educ Behav. Nov:1−16.

• Herbert, B., J. Blechert, M. Hautzinger, E. Matthias, C. Herbert. (2013). Intuitive eating is associated with interoceptive sensitivity. Effects on body mass index. Appetite 70:22–30.

• Hoare JK, Lister NB, Garnett SP (2022). Mindful and Intuitive Eating Imagery on Instagram: A Content Analysis. Nutrients. 2022 Sep 16;14(18):3834. doi: 10.3390/nu14183834.

• Holding, A., Lavigne, G., Vermette, L., & Carbonneau, N. (2024). Motivation to regulate eating behaviors, intuitive eating, and well-being: A dyadic study with mothers and adult daughters. Appetite, 199, 107403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107403

• Homan KJ and Tylka TL. (2018). Development and exploration of the gratitude model of body appreciation in women. Body Image. 2018 Feb 8;25:14-22.doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.01.008.

• Horwath, C., Hagmann, D., & Hartmann, C. (2019). Intuitive eating and food intake in men and women: Results from the Swiss food panel study. Appetite. 1(135):61-71. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.036

• Humphrey, L., D. Clifford, M. Neyman Morris. (2015). Health at Every Size College Course Reduces Dieting Behaviors and Improves Intuitive Eating, Body Esteem, and Anti-Fat Attitudes. Journal of Nutrition Education. 47(4):354-360.

• Iannantuono, A., and T. Tylka. (2012). Interpersonal and intrpersonal links to body appreciation in college women: an exploratory model. Body Image 9(2):227-235.

• Jackson A, Sano Y, Parker L, Cox AE, Lanigan J (2022). Intuitive eating and dietary intake. Eat Behav. Feb 24;45:101606. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101606. 

• Jarvela-Reijonen, E., et al (2018). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on eating behavior and diet delivered through face-to-face contact and a mobile app: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018 Feb 27;15(1):22.

• Katcher JA, Suminski RR, Pacanowski CR (2022). Impact of an Intuitive Eating Intervention on Disordered Eating Risk Factors in Female-Identifying Undergraduates: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Sep 23;19(19):12049

• Katzer, L., A. Bradshaw, C. Horwath, A. Gray, S. O’Brien, J. Joyce (2008). Evaluation of a “nondieting” stress reduction program for overweight women: a randomized trial. American Journal of Health Promotion 22(4):267-274.

• Kelly, A., and E. Stephen. (2016). A daily diary study of self-compassion, body image, and eating behavior in female college students. Body Image.17:152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.006.

• Kelly A, Miller K, Stephen E. (2016).The benefits of being self-compassionate on days when interactions with body-focused others are frequent. Body Image. Dec;19:195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.10.005.

• Kerin JL, Webb HJ, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ (2019). Intuitive, mindful, emotional, external and regulatory eating behaviours and beliefs: An investigation of the core components. Appetite. Jan 1;132:139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.011.

• Keirns NG & Hawkins MAW (2019). The relationship between intuitive eating and body image is moderated by measured body mass index. Eat Behav. 23(33):91-96.

• Khalsa, A. S., Woo, J. G., Kharofa, R. Y., Geraghty, S. R., DeWitt, T. G., & Copeland, K. A. (2019). Parental intuitive eating behaviors and their association with infant feeding styles among low-income families. Eating Behaviors, 32, 78–84. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.01.001

• Khalsa, A, Stough C, Garr K, Copeland K, Kharofa R, Woo J (2019). Factor structure of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 among a low-income and racial minority population. Appetite. Nov 1;142:104390.

• König LM, Sproesser G, Schupp HT, Renner B.(2020). Preference for Intuition and Deliberation in Eating Decision-making: Scale validation and associations with eating behaviour and health. Br J Health Psychol. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12460.

• Koller KA, Thompson KA, Miller AJ, Walsh EC, Bardone-Cone AM. (2020 ).Body appreciation and intuitive eating in eating disorder recovery. Int J Eat Disord. Aug;53(8):1261-1269. doi: 10.1002/eat.23238..

• Kroon Van Diest, A., and T. Tylka. 2010. The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale: Development and psychometric investigation. Body Image 7:317-326.

• Messer M, Lee S, Linardon J. Longitudinal association between self-compassion and intuitive eating: Testing emotion regulation and body image flexibility as mediating variables. J Clin Psychol. 2023 Nov;79(11):2625-2634. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23569. Epub 2023 Jul 18. PMID: 37462510.

• Layman, H. M., Keirns, N. G., & Hawkins, M. A. (2021). Internalization of body image as a potential mediator of the relationship between body acceptance by others and intuitive eating. Journal of American College Health, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1947832 

• Leahy K., Berlin K.S., Banks G.G., Bachman J. (2017). The relationship between Intuitive Eating and postpartum weight loss. Matern Child Health. 21(3):1591-1597.

• Lee M et al. (2019). Striving for the thin ideal post-pregnancy: cross-sectional study of intuitive eating in postpartum women. J Reprod Infant Psychol. Apr 30:1-12.

• Leong, S., A.Gray, J. Haszard, C. Horwath. (2016). Weight-Control Methods, 3-Year Weight Change, and Eating Behaviors: A Prospective Nationwide Study of Middle-Aged New Zealand Women. J Acad of Nutr Dietet doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.02.021.

• Linardon J. (2022). Reciprocal associations between intuitive eating and positive body image components: A multi-wave, cross-lagged study. Appetite Nov 1;178:10618

• Linardon J., Tylka T., and Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. (2021). Intuitive eating and its psychological correlates: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2021:1-26.  

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